1998-1999 Tornadoes and a Long-Term U.S. Tornado Climatology
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes (Wiki)
F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States
The List of the Strongest Tornadoes Ever Recorded
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes (Wiki)
F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States
The List of the Strongest Tornadoes Ever Recorded
1977–1979
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Official F5-F6
Year
1977
1977
Day
April 4
Areas affected
USA
Alabama
Birmingham
Highest winds
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$25 million
$5-50 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
?
some of which had all of their cinder block walk-out basement walls completely swept away as well.
Trees were debarked and two dump trucks were thrown through the air.
$5-50 million
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
?
Path length
Notes
Many homes were swept awaysome of which had all of their cinder block walk-out basement walls completely swept away as well.
Trees were debarked and two dump trucks were thrown through the air.
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1980–1989
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Official F5 but rating is disputed
Day
Year
1982
1982
Day
April 2
Areas affected
Oklahoma
Broken Bow
USA
Oklahoma
Broken Bow
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
0
Damage
0-5
Only carpet tacks were left on the empty foundation.
The F5 rating is disputed because the home was likely not anchored properly.
Damage
$0.5-5 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
Injuries
29
0-5
Notes
A house was swept away.Only carpet tacks were left on the empty foundation.
The F5 rating is disputed because the home was likely not anchored properly.
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Official F5
Year
1984
1984
Day
June 7-8
Areas affected
USA
Wisconsin
Barneveld
Highest winds
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$25 million
$50-500 K
Significant Tornado Parameter
0-1
and vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards.
Small trees were debarked as well.
$50-500 K
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
0-1
Path length
Notes
A cul-de-sac of newly built homes was swept awayand vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards.
Small trees were debarked as well.
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Official F5
Year
1984
1984
Day
June 9
Areas affected
Soviet Union
Ivanovo, Central Federal District
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
?
Significant Tornado Parameter
?
threw multi-ton water tanks hundreds of yards
tore asphalt from roads
destroyed and threw trees long distances
and swept away steel-reinforced buildings with little debris left.
Tornado was exceptionally long-lived
remaining on the ground for roughly 100 mi (160 km) over the course of two hours.
At least 92 fatalities were confirmed
though the actual toll was likely higher.
Injuries
130-213+
Duration
2 hr
CAPE
?
SRH
?
Significant Tornado Parameter
?
Path length
99-100 mile
Max width
880 yd
Notes
An extremely intense multiple vortex tornado threw a crane 220 yd (200 m)threw multi-ton water tanks hundreds of yards
tore asphalt from roads
destroyed and threw trees long distances
and swept away steel-reinforced buildings with little debris left.
Tornado was exceptionally long-lived
remaining on the ground for roughly 100 mi (160 km) over the course of two hours.
At least 92 fatalities were confirmed
though the actual toll was likely higher.
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Official F5
 |
| Courtesy of Mike Zahurak |
Year
1985
1985
Day
May 31
Areas affected
USA
Pennsylvania–Ohio
Niles–Wheatland
Highest winds
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$50-500 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
0-4
A shopping center in Niles was obliterated
sustaining F5 damage and several deaths.
Metal girders at the center twisted and buckled.
Well-built, anchor bolted homes were swept away
and 75,000-pound (34,020 kg) petroleum storage tanks were ripped from their anchors and thrown hundreds of feet.
Pavement was scoured from a parking lot
and a steel-frame trucking plant was obliterated and partially swept away with the beams severely mangled.
Routing slips from the plant were found wedged into the remaining asphalt of parking lot.
An airplane wing was carried 10 miles from where it originated.
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
0-4
Path length
Notes
This tornado caused F5 damage along much of its path through Niles and Wheatland.A shopping center in Niles was obliterated
sustaining F5 damage and several deaths.
Metal girders at the center twisted and buckled.
Well-built, anchor bolted homes were swept away
and 75,000-pound (34,020 kg) petroleum storage tanks were ripped from their anchors and thrown hundreds of feet.
Pavement was scoured from a parking lot
and a steel-frame trucking plant was obliterated and partially swept away with the beams severely mangled.
Routing slips from the plant were found wedged into the remaining asphalt of parking lot.
An airplane wing was carried 10 miles from where it originated.
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1990–June 1994
Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
1990–June 1994
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Official F5
Year
1990
1990
Day
March 13
Areas affected
USA
Kansas
Hesston
Highest winds
Highest winds
Fatalities
Damage
$5-50 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
1-3
industrial buildings were obliterated
and vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards and stripped down to their frames.
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
1-3
Path length
Notes
Many homes and businesses were swept away in town with only slabs and empty basements remainingindustrial buildings were obliterated
and vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards and stripped down to their frames.
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Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
Official F5
 |
| Image by Doug Nelson |
Year
1990
1990
Day
March 13
Areas affected
USA
Kansas
Goessel
Highest winds
Highest winds
300+ mph(Damage)
300-350 mph(Estimation by Fujita)
300-350 mph(Estimation by Fujita)
Fatalities
Damage
$5-50 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
1-2
but the F5 rating was assigned due to very intense cycloidal ground scouring.
Considered by some sources to be one of the strongest tornadoes ever surveyed at the time
though little detailed information about the damage is available.
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
1-2
Path length
Notes
Homes were obliterated and swept awaybut the F5 rating was assigned due to very intense cycloidal ground scouring.
Considered by some sources to be one of the strongest tornadoes ever surveyed at the time
though little detailed information about the damage is available.
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Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
Official F5-(F6?)
 |
| no images of the tornado as it was completely wrapped in heavy rain, would be seen here. |
Year
1990
1990
Day
August 28
Areas affected
USA
Illinois
Plainfield
Highest winds
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$140-165 million
$50-500 K
Significant Tornado Parameter
0.5-1
A mature corn crop was scoured from the ground
leaving nothing but bare soil behind.
Several inches of topsoil were blown away as well.
A 20-tonne (20,000 kg) tractor trailer was tossed from a road and thrown more than half a mile
and vehicles were picked up and carried through the air.
The F5 rating is based solely upon the extreme ground scouring
as areas in Plainfield sustained high-end F4 structural damage
though the ground scouring nearby was much less intense than where the corn crop was obliterated.
Fujita considered the intensity of the ground scouring "comparable to the worst he had seen".
$50-500 K
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
0.5-1
Path length
Notes
Rain-wrapped tornado.A mature corn crop was scoured from the ground
leaving nothing but bare soil behind.
Several inches of topsoil were blown away as well.
A 20-tonne (20,000 kg) tractor trailer was tossed from a road and thrown more than half a mile
and vehicles were picked up and carried through the air.
The F5 rating is based solely upon the extreme ground scouring
as areas in Plainfield sustained high-end F4 structural damage
though the ground scouring nearby was much less intense than where the corn crop was obliterated.
Fujita considered the intensity of the ground scouring "comparable to the worst he had seen".
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Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
Official F5-(F6?)
Year
1991
1991
Day
April 26
Areas affected
USA
Kansas
Andover
Highest winds
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$62 million
$50-500 million
MSLP Mb
994-998
Supercell Composite Parameter
4-25
Significant Tornado Parameter
2-4
$50-500 million
Injuries
MSLP Mb
994-998
Supercell Composite Parameter
4-25
Significant Tornado Parameter
2-4
Path length
45-46 miles
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Max width
600-700 yd
440 yd
well-built homes with anchor bolts were swept away
leaving bare foundations behind
and grass was scoured from the ground.
Extensive wind-rowing of debris occurred
leaving streaks of debris extending away from empty foundations.
Trees and small twigs were completely stripped of their bark.
Vehicles were thrown up to 0.75 mi (1.2 km) from where they originated and were mangled beyond recognition.
440 yd
Notes
Many largewell-built homes with anchor bolts were swept away
leaving bare foundations behind
and grass was scoured from the ground.
Extensive wind-rowing of debris occurred
leaving streaks of debris extending away from empty foundations.
Trees and small twigs were completely stripped of their bark.
Vehicles were thrown up to 0.75 mi (1.2 km) from where they originated and were mangled beyond recognition.
Rated F5
Day
Year
1991
1991
Day
April 26
Areas affected
USA
Oklahoma
Red Rock
Red Rock
Highest winds
286 mph(Mobile Doppler radar)
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
0
Damage
2-7
with winds up to 286 mph (460 km/h).
Pavement and ground scouring occurred
and a large oil rig was toppled.
Damage
$0.5-5 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
Injuries
6
2-7
Notes
Mobile Doppler radar used by storm chasers indicated wind speeds in the range of the F5 thresholdwith winds up to 286 mph (460 km/h).
Pavement and ground scouring occurred
and a large oil rig was toppled.
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Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
Official F5
Year
1992
1992
Day
June 16
Areas affected
USA
Minnesota
Chandler
Highest winds
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$50 million
$5-50 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
1-4
$5-50 million
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
1-4
Path length
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