1998-1999 Tornadoes and a Long-Term U.S. Tornado Climatology
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes (Wiki)
F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States
The List of the Strongest Tornadoes Ever Recorded
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes (Wiki)
F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States
The List of the Strongest Tornadoes Ever Recorded
1950–1959
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1951
1951
Day
May 18
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
2
Notes
Many homes in town were destroyed
some of which were swept away with very little debris left.
some of which were swept away with very little debris left.
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Listed as F5
Day
Year
1952
1952
Day
March 21
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
17
Notes
Officially rated F4 in tornado databases however
the National Climatic Data Center lists this as an F5 event in a Tech Memo reporting all known F5 tornadoes.
The only possible F5 damage was to a concrete block structure that may or may not have been steel-reinforced.
the National Climatic Data Center lists this as an F5 event in a Tech Memo reporting all known F5 tornadoes.
The only possible F5 damage was to a concrete block structure that may or may not have been steel-reinforced.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1952
1952
Day
May 22
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
0
Notes
Home of a bank president was reportedly leveled with possible F5 damage.
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Official F5
Year
1953
1953
Day
May 11
Areas affected
USA
Waco , NNW of Lorena , W of Axtell
Texas
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
114
Damage
$5-50 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Many large
multi-story buildings in downtown Waco were completely leveled
along with homes both north and south of Waco.
First officially ranked F5 tornado in the U.S.
multi-story buildings in downtown Waco were completely leveled
along with homes both north and south of Waco.
First officially ranked F5 tornado in the U.S.
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Official F5 but rating is disputed
Day
Year
1953
1953
Day
May 29
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
2
Notes
A large church was leveled and pews were jammed 4 ft (1.2 m) into the ground.
Car parts were carried for 0.5 mi (0.80 km).
Rating disputed.
Car parts were carried for 0.5 mi (0.80 km).
Rating disputed.
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Official F5
Year
1953
1953
Day
June 8
Areas affected
USA
Flint , Beecher , N of Flushing , N of Columbiaville
Michigan
Michigan
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
116
Damage
$19 million
$5-50 million
$5-50 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Entire blocks of homes were completely swept away
with only rows of bare slabs and empty basements remaining.
Cycloidal ground scouring occurred as well.
with only rows of bare slabs and empty basements remaining.
Cycloidal ground scouring occurred as well.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1953
1953
Day
June 8
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
18
Notes
Possible but unverifiable F5 damage occurred near Cygnet where homes were swept completely away.
A steel-and-concrete bridge was destroyed as the tornado passed near Jerry City.
A steel-and-concrete bridge was destroyed as the tornado passed near Jerry City.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1953
1953
Day
June 9
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
94
Notes
Many strong structures with numerous interior walls were leveled
and entire blocks of homes were swept cleanly away.
The large
brick Assumption College sustained severe damage
and its upper stories were completely destroyed.
A large
multi-ton storage tank was carried over a road
and trees along the path were debarked as well.
Debris from this tornado was found in the Atlantic Ocean.
The tornado was rated F5 by Grazulis in a later publication.
and entire blocks of homes were swept cleanly away.
The large
brick Assumption College sustained severe damage
and its upper stories were completely destroyed.
A large
multi-ton storage tank was carried over a road
and trees along the path were debarked as well.
Debris from this tornado was found in the Atlantic Ocean.
The tornado was rated F5 by Grazulis in a later publication.
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Official F5
Year
1953
1953
Day
June 27
Areas affected
USA
Adair
Iowa
Iowa
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
1
Damage
$50-500 K
Injuries
2
Duration
?
CAPE
?
SRH
?
Path length
Notes
Four farms were destroyed
with virtually nothing left at one of them.
Heavy machinery was thrown hundreds of feet
and boards were driven into trees.
with virtually nothing left at one of them.
Heavy machinery was thrown hundreds of feet
and boards were driven into trees.
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Official F5 but rating is disputed
Day
Year
1953
1953
Day
December 5
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
38
Notes
Many large brick buildings were leveled in downtown Vicksburg.
The F5 rating is disputed by Grazulis as destroyed structures were frail.
The F5 rating is disputed by Grazulis as destroyed structures were frail.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1954
1954
Day
May 1
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
0
Notes
Vehicles were thrown more than 100 yd (300 ft)
and three farms were entirely swept away.
and three farms were entirely swept away.
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Official F5
Year
1955
1955
Day
Areas affected
USA
Oklahoma
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
20
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Official F5
Year
1955
1955
Day
May 25
Areas affected
USA
Udall
Kansas
Kansas
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
80
Damage
$50-500 K
Injuries
200-270
Duration
?
CAPE
?
SRH
?
Path length
Notes
Many homes and businesses were swept away in town.
Vehicles were thrown and stripped down to their frames
including a pickup truck that was partially wrapped around a tree.
A 30 foot (9.1 m)-by-40-foot (12 m) concrete block building was obliterated
with the foundation left mostly bare.
Beams were also broken at a school building
and numerous trees were debarked.
Vehicles were thrown and stripped down to their frames
including a pickup truck that was partially wrapped around a tree.
A 30 foot (9.1 m)-by-40-foot (12 m) concrete block building was obliterated
with the foundation left mostly bare.
Beams were also broken at a school building
and numerous trees were debarked.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1955
1955
Day
July 2
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
2
Notes
Eleven farms were completely leveled or swept away.
One farm appeared to show potential F5 damage to a home that was swept completely away.
One farm appeared to show potential F5 damage to a home that was swept completely away.
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Official F5
 |
| Image by Marvin Bueker |
Year
1956
1956
Day
April 3
Areas affected
USA
Hudsonville–Grand Rapids
Michigan
Michigan
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$50-500 K
Injuries
Path length
52-65 miles
Max width
400 yd
Notes
Many homes were swept completely away
leaving bare foundations behind.
Extensive wind-rowing of debris was observed
and vehicles were tossed hundreds of yards as well.
One home that was swept away had all of its tile flooring scoured from the foundation.
leaving bare foundations behind.
Extensive wind-rowing of debris was observed
and vehicles were tossed hundreds of yards as well.
One home that was swept away had all of its tile flooring scoured from the foundation.
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Official F5
 |
| Photo courtesy of Tim Janicke, Kansas City Star. Photographed by Reverend Robert Alexander. |
Year
1957
1957
Day
May 20
Areas affected
USA
Ruskin Heights
Missouri
Missouri
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
44
Damage
$500 K - 5 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Entire rows of homes were swept away
with extensive wind-rowing of structural debris noted in nearby fields.
Some homes had their anchor-bolted subflooring swept away as well
leaving only empty basements behind.
A steel-reinforced school was partially leveled
and many shops and businesses sustained F5 damage.
F4 damage occurred in both Kansas and Missouri
but the F5 damage was in Ruskin Heights and Hickman Mills.
with extensive wind-rowing of structural debris noted in nearby fields.
Some homes had their anchor-bolted subflooring swept away as well
leaving only empty basements behind.
A steel-reinforced school was partially leveled
and many shops and businesses sustained F5 damage.
F4 damage occurred in both Kansas and Missouri
but the F5 damage was in Ruskin Heights and Hickman Mills.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1957
1957
Day
May 21
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
7
Notes
Most of Fremont was destroyed
with many structures swept away.
Possible F5 damage occurred to schools
homes
and businesses near the railroad tracks
but could not be verified due to poor quality of construction.
with many structures swept away.
Possible F5 damage occurred to schools
homes
and businesses near the railroad tracks
but could not be verified due to poor quality of construction.
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Official T10 but rating is disputed
Day
Year
1957
1957
Day
June 16
Areas affected
Italy
Fatalities
7
Notes
Many large stone buildings were flattened.
Officially rated F5 with damage estimated at T10 on the TORRO Scale however
rating is uncertain and it may have been a high-end F4.
Officially rated F5 with damage estimated at T10 on the TORRO Scale however
rating is uncertain and it may have been a high-end F4.
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Official F5
 |
| Image from this VIDEO |
Year
1957
1957
Day
June 20
Areas affected
USA
Fargo
North Dakota
North Dakota
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$25.883 million
$5-50 million
$5-50 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Many homes were leveled
with some swept completely away.
Part of the Golden Ridge subdivision was swept away
with the debris scattered long distances into nearby fields.
Fujita reportedly called this more intense than the 1965 Palm Sunday tornadoes he surveyed
some of which he rated F5 in the Chicago Damage Area Per Path Length (DAPPL).
with some swept completely away.
Part of the Golden Ridge subdivision was swept away
with the debris scattered long distances into nearby fields.
Fujita reportedly called this more intense than the 1965 Palm Sunday tornadoes he surveyed
some of which he rated F5 in the Chicago Damage Area Per Path Length (DAPPL).
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Official F5
Year
1957
1957
Day
December 18
Areas affected
USA
Sunfield
Illinois
Illinois
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
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Official F5 but rating is disputed
Day
Year
1958
1958
Day
June 4
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
21
Notes
Homes were swept away
and numerous trees were completely debarked.
A car was wrapped around the side of a small steel bridge that collapsed in the tornado.
Rating disputed.
and numerous trees were completely debarked.
A car was wrapped around the side of a small steel bridge that collapsed in the tornado.
Rating disputed.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1958
1958
Day
June 10
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
15
Notes
Reports indicated near-F5-level damage to homes.
A car was thrown 100 yd (300 ft)
but damage photographs were inconclusive as to whether F5 structural damage occurred.
A car was thrown 100 yd (300 ft)
but damage photographs were inconclusive as to whether F5 structural damage occurred.
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1960–1969
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Official F5
Year
1960
1960
Day
May 5
Areas affected
USA
Prague
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
5-6
Damage
$0.75+ million
$500 K - 5 million
$500 K - 5 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Homes were swept away
and heavy oil tanks were thrown long distances.
Hillsides were stripped of most vegetation and up to 6 in (0.15 m) of topsoil.
and heavy oil tanks were thrown long distances.
Hillsides were stripped of most vegetation and up to 6 in (0.15 m) of topsoil.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1960
1960
Day
May 19
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
0
Notes
Rated F5 by Grazulis as two farms were swept away.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1961
1961
Day
May 30
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
0
Notes
All buildings and machinery were swept away from a farm.
Widely accepted as an F5 tornado
including within the NCDC Technical Memorandum however
it is listed as an F4 in the official databases.
Widely accepted as an F5 tornado
including within the NCDC Technical Memorandum however
it is listed as an F4 in the official databases.
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Official F5
 |
| Image by Chet Sutherland |
Year
1964
1964
Day
April 3
Areas affected
USA
Wichita Falls
Texas
Texas
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$1.5 million
$15 million
$5-50 million
$15 million
$5-50 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Homes were swept away
and a boxcar was thrown 100 yd (300 ft).
A car was thrown a block and a half.
and a boxcar was thrown 100 yd (300 ft).
A car was thrown a block and a half.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1964
1964
Day
April 12
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
0
Notes
Produced possible F5 damage according to Grazulis.
Farms were leveled and a truck was thrown 300 yd (274 m).
Farms were leveled and a truck was thrown 300 yd (274 m).
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Official F5
Year
1964
1964
Day
May 5
Areas affected
USA
Bradshaw
Nebraska
Nebraska
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1965
1965
Day
April 11
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
14
Notes
This was the first of two violent tornadoes to hit the Dunlap area
north of Goshen.
Homes were swept away
and an airplane wing was found 35 miles (56 km) away in Michigan.
This tornado was famously photographed as a double tornado.
north of Goshen.
Homes were swept away
and an airplane wing was found 35 miles (56 km) away in Michigan.
This tornado was famously photographed as a double tornado.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1965
1965
Day
April 11
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
5
Notes
This tornado developed after the first Dunlap tornado (previous event).
Possible F5-level damage occurred to homes that were swept away.
Possible F5-level damage occurred to homes that were swept away.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1965
1965
Day
April 11
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
36
Notes
This was the second violent tornado to strike Dunlap within 90 minutes.
A well-built truck stop was leveled and many permanent homes were swept away in two subdivisions.
Rated F5 by Fujita in the Chicago Damage Area Per Path Length (DAPPL)
but later downgraded to F4
the tornado is widely considered to be an F5 in older sources.
A well-built truck stop was leveled and many permanent homes were swept away in two subdivisions.
Rated F5 by Fujita in the Chicago Damage Area Per Path Length (DAPPL)
but later downgraded to F4
the tornado is widely considered to be an F5 in older sources.
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Listed as F5
Day
Year
1965
1965
Day
April 11
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
28
Notes
This is listed as an F5 in the NCDC memorandum.
Farms were obliterated and vehicles were thrown up 100 yd (300 ft).
Farms were obliterated and vehicles were thrown up 100 yd (300 ft).
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1965
1965
Day
April 11
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
18
Notes
Homes were completely swept away with borderline-F5 damage in North Toledo.
Boats and buses were thrown into and onto buildings.
Boats and buses were thrown into and onto buildings.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1965
1965
Day
April 11
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
18
Notes
Homes were cleanly swept away in Strongsville and Pittsfield
and Pittsfield was completely destroyed.
Only a concrete war monument remained standing in Pittsfield
where homes "vanished".
Rated F5 by Fujita in the Chicago Damage Area Per Path Length (DAPPL)
but later downgraded to F4
though widely considered to be F5 in older reports.
and Pittsfield was completely destroyed.
Only a concrete war monument remained standing in Pittsfield
where homes "vanished".
Rated F5 by Fujita in the Chicago Damage Area Per Path Length (DAPPL)
but later downgraded to F4
though widely considered to be F5 in older reports.
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Listed as F5
Day
Year
1965
1965
Day
May 8
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
4
Notes
Widely accepted as an F5
and reported to have been a double tornado as it hit Primrose.
Homes were swept from their foundations
and 90% of the village was destroyed.
Cars from Primrose were carried for 400 yd (1,200 ft)
and a truck body was carried and rolled for 2 mi (3.2 km).
and reported to have been a double tornado as it hit Primrose.
Homes were swept from their foundations
and 90% of the village was destroyed.
Cars from Primrose were carried for 400 yd (1,200 ft)
and a truck body was carried and rolled for 2 mi (3.2 km).
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Official F5
Year
1965
1965
Day
May 8
Areas affected
USA
Gregory
South Dakota
South Dakota
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$500 K - 5 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Many farms were destroyed
including three that were swept completely away.
including three that were swept completely away.
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Official F5
Year
1966
1966
Day
March 3
Areas affected
USA
Jackson
Mississippi
Mississippi
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$17.9 million
$50 K - 50 million
$50 K - 50 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Homes were swept away
and a brick church was obliterated.
Pavement was scoured from roads
and cars were thrown more than half a mile from where they originated.
The newly built Candlestick Park shopping center was leveled
and concrete masonry blocks were scattered for long distances.
Steel girders were "twisted like wet noodles" at a glass plant.
and a brick church was obliterated.
Pavement was scoured from roads
and cars were thrown more than half a mile from where they originated.
The newly built Candlestick Park shopping center was leveled
and concrete masonry blocks were scattered for long distances.
Steel girders were "twisted like wet noodles" at a glass plant.
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Official F5
 |
Image by Topeka Capitol Journal
|
Year
1966
1966
Day
June 8
Areas affected
USA
Topeka
Kansas
Kansas
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
16
Damage
$250 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Entire rows of homes were swept away
vehicles were thrown long distances
and grass was scoured from lawns.
vehicles were thrown long distances
and grass was scoured from lawns.
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Official F5 but rating is disputed
Day
Year
1966
1966
Day
October 14
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
6
Notes
Disputed F5 rating
ranked F4 by Grazulis.
A house was swept away on the outskirts of town.
However
the home was likely poorly anchored as debris was deposited in a neat pile near the foundation
and nearby homes only showed slight damage.
ranked F4 by Grazulis.
A house was swept away on the outskirts of town.
However
the home was likely poorly anchored as debris was deposited in a neat pile near the foundation
and nearby homes only showed slight damage.
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Official F5
Year
1967
1967
Day
June 24
Areas affected
France
Palluel
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
?
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Homes and other structures were swept away or leveled in and near Palluel.
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Official F5 but rating is disputed
Day
Year
1968
1968
Day
April 23
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
7
Notes
Homes were swept away
with only their foundations left in some cases.
A large metal electrical transmission tower was ripped off at the base and thrown.
The F5 rating is disputed as structures swept away were not anchored properly.
with only their foundations left in some cases.
A large metal electrical transmission tower was ripped off at the base and thrown.
The F5 rating is disputed as structures swept away were not anchored properly.
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Rated F5
Day
Year
1968
1968
Day
April 23
Areas affected
USA
Fatalities
6
Notes
Mentioned as a possible F5 by Grazulis.
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Official F5
 |
| Image by Charles City Press |
Year
1968
1968
Day
May 15
Areas affected
USA
Charles City
Iowa
Iowa
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$31.5 million
$5-50 million
$5-50 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
Many homes were swept away in town.
Farms were swept away as well
and very intense multiple vortices were observed based upon ground damage patterns.
Cycloidal ground scouring occurred where the multiple vortices were noted.
Farms were swept away as well
and very intense multiple vortices were observed based upon ground damage patterns.
Cycloidal ground scouring occurred where the multiple vortices were noted.
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Official F5
Year
1968
1968
Day
May 15
Areas affected
USA
Oelwein–Maynard
Iowa
Iowa
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
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Official F5
 |
| Image by MinnPost |
Year
1968
1968
Day
June 13
Areas affected
USA
Tracy
Minnesota
Minnesota
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
300 mph?
300 mph?
Fatalities
Damage
$43 million
$500 K - 5 million
$500 K - 5 million
Injuries
Path length
Notes
111 homes were destroyed in town
with some swept away.
A heavy boxcar was thrown more than a full block
and two others were thrown 300 yd (900 ft).
A steel I-beam was carried for two miles on a piece of roof.
Extensive ground scouring occurred outside of town
and several farms were swept completely away.
with some swept away.
A heavy boxcar was thrown more than a full block
and two others were thrown 300 yd (900 ft).
A steel I-beam was carried for two miles on a piece of roof.
Extensive ground scouring occurred outside of town
and several farms were swept completely away.
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