1998-1999 Tornadoes and a Long-Term U.S. Tornado Climatology
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes (Wiki)
F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States
The List of the Strongest Tornadoes Ever Recorded
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes (Wiki)
F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States
The List of the Strongest Tornadoes Ever Recorded
July 1994–1999
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Damage
0.5-3
one home was so obliterated that the National Weather Service survey likely missed it.
Intense pavement and ground scouring occurred
with only bare soil left in some areas.
Rated F5
Day
Year
1995
1995
Day
June 8
Areas affected
USA
Texas
Kellerville
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
0
Damage
$50K-500K
Significant Tornado Parameter
Injuries
0
0.5-3
Notes
Project VORTEX assessed tornado to be F5one home was so obliterated that the National Weather Service survey likely missed it.
Intense pavement and ground scouring occurred
with only bare soil left in some areas.
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Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
Official F5
Year
1996
1996
Day
July 18
Areas affected
USA
Wisconsin
Oakfield
Highest winds
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$39.5-40 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
1-5
including one where rebar supports were bent over at a 90-degree angle.
Vehicles were thrown up to 400 yd (1,200 ft) through the air and mangled beyond recognition.
Crops were scoured to 1-inch stubble.
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
1-5
Path length
Notes
Well-built homes with anchor bolts were swept awayincluding one where rebar supports were bent over at a 90-degree angle.
Vehicles were thrown up to 400 yd (1,200 ft) through the air and mangled beyond recognition.
Crops were scoured to 1-inch stubble.
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Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
Official F5-F6
Year
1997
1997
Day
May 27
Areas affected
USA
Texas
Jarrell
Highest winds
Highest winds
260+ mph(Damage)
280-300 mph(Estimation by Maximilian Hagen)
400+ mph(Estimation by Maximilian Hagen in a brief 0.2 second)
280-300 mph(Estimation by Maximilian Hagen)
400+ mph(Estimation by Maximilian Hagen in a brief 0.2 second)
Fatalities
Damage
$40.1 million
$40 million
$120 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
0
An entire subdivision of well-built homes was swept completely away with very little debris remaining.
Some of the homes were well-bolted to their foundations.
Long expanses of pavement was torn from roads
and a large swath of ground was scoured out to a depth of 18 in (0.46 m).
Vehicles were torn apart and scattered across fields
and a recycling plant was obliterated.
Tornado was very slow-moving
which may have exacerbated the destruction to some extent.
$40 million
$120 million
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
0
Path length
5.1-7.6 miles (note...for issue)
Max width
Notes
Produced some of the most extreme damage ever documented.An entire subdivision of well-built homes was swept completely away with very little debris remaining.
Some of the homes were well-bolted to their foundations.
Long expanses of pavement was torn from roads
and a large swath of ground was scoured out to a depth of 18 in (0.46 m).
Vehicles were torn apart and scattered across fields
and a recycling plant was obliterated.
Tornado was very slow-moving
which may have exacerbated the destruction to some extent.
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Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
Official F5
Year
1998
1998
Day
April 8
Areas affected
USA
Alabama
Oak Grove–Pleasant Grove
Highest winds
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
Damage
$200.03 million
Significant Tornado Parameter
2-3
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
2-3
Path length
Notes
Many homes were swept away along the path.
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Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
Official F5
Year
1998
1998
Day
April 16
Areas affected
USA
Tennessee
Lawrence County
Highest winds
Highest winds
201+ mph(Damage)
Fatalities
0-3
Damage
?
Significant Tornado Parameter
0-1
Many large and well-built homes with anchor bolts were swept away
and vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards.
A swath of grass 200 ft (67 yd) wide was scoured from the ground
with nothing but bare soil and clumps of dirt remaining.
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
0-1
Path length
Notes
This tornado produced extreme damage at ground level.Many large and well-built homes with anchor bolts were swept away
and vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards.
A swath of grass 200 ft (67 yd) wide was scoured from the ground
with nothing but bare soil and clumps of dirt remaining.
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Day
Areas affected
Fatalities
Damage
Official F5-F6
Year
1999
1999
Day
May 3
Areas affected
USA
Oklahoma
279-324 mph(DOW/A more accurate interpretation of the data)
369 mph(DOW/At two standard deviations (2% likelihood))
260-290 mph(Ground level estimation)
106-213 mph(TVS)
106-213 mph(Gate to gate)
369 mph(DOW/At two standard deviations (2% likelihood))
260-290 mph(Ground level estimation)
106-213 mph(TVS)
106-213 mph(Gate to gate)
Fatalities
Damage
$1-1.2 Billion
Significant Tornado Parameter
2-7
which is the highest wind speed ever measured on Earth.
Many homes were swept completely away
some of which were well-bolted to their foundations
and debris from some homes was finely granulated.
Severe ground and pavement scouring occurred
trees and shrubs were completely debarked
and vehicles were thrown up to 440 yd (402 m) from where they originated.
An airplane wing was carried for several miles
and a 36,000-pound (16,329 kg) freight car was bounced 3/4 of a mile.
This was the 50th and last tornado to be officially assessed as F5 on the Fujita scale before the introduction of the Enhanced Fujita Scale in the United States.
Injuries
Significant Tornado Parameter
2-7
Path length
Notes
Mobile radar recorded winds up to 301 ± 20 mph (484 ± 32 km/h)which is the highest wind speed ever measured on Earth.
Many homes were swept completely away
some of which were well-bolted to their foundations
and debris from some homes was finely granulated.
Severe ground and pavement scouring occurred
trees and shrubs were completely debarked
and vehicles were thrown up to 440 yd (402 m) from where they originated.
An airplane wing was carried for several miles
and a 36,000-pound (16,329 kg) freight car was bounced 3/4 of a mile.
This was the 50th and last tornado to be officially assessed as F5 on the Fujita scale before the introduction of the Enhanced Fujita Scale in the United States.
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